Many people associate arthritis with older adults, but arthritis can also affect children. Knee arthritis in kids, commonly known as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), is an inflammatory condition that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced movement in one or more joints. The knee is one of the most commonly affected joints.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce inflammation, prevent joint damage, and allow children to grow and remain active.

What is Knee Arthritis in Children?

Juvenile arthritis is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, leading to inflammation. Unlike arthritis caused by aging, childhood arthritis is usually not due to wear and tear.

The condition may affect one knee, both knees, or multiple joints and can sometimes involve the eyes or other organs.

Causes of Knee Arthritis in Kids

The exact cause is not fully understood, but contributing factors include:

• Autoimmune disorders
• Genetic predisposition
• Abnormal immune system response
• Environmental triggers
• Previous viral or bacterial infections (in some cases)

It is important to note that arthritis in children is not contagious and is not caused by routine physical activity.

Common Symptoms

Children with knee arthritis may experience:

✔ Persistent knee pain
✔ Swelling around the knee joint
✔ Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
✔ Limping or difficulty walking
✔ Difficulty bending or straightening the knee
✔ Warmth around the affected joint
✔ Reduced physical activity due to pain
✔ Fatigue or low-grade fever in some cases

Young children may simply avoid walking, running, or playing because of discomfort.

Types of Juvenile Arthritis

Oligoarticular JIA

• Affects four or fewer joints.
• Knees are commonly involved.

Polyarticular JIA

• Involves five or more joints.
• May affect both large and small joints.

Systemic JIA

• Associated with fever, rash, and inflammation affecting multiple organs along with joints.

How is Knee Arthritis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and investigations.

Medical History and Physical Examination

The doctor checks joint swelling, stiffness, pain, and range of motion.

Blood Tests

Tests may include:

• ESR
• CRP
• Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
• ANA
• HLA-B27 (when indicated)

Imaging Studies

• X-rays
• Ultrasound
• MRI scan for detailed joint assessment

Early diagnosis helps prevent long-term joint damage.