Shoulder Instability Surgery

Overview

Shoulder Instability Surgery is performed to restore stability to a shoulder that repeatedly dislocates or feels like it may “slip out” of place. The shoulder joint has the greatest range of motion in the body, making it more prone to instability after trauma or ligament injury.

Recurrent dislocations can lead to cartilage damage, bone loss, and early arthritis if not treated appropriately.

What Is Shoulder Instability?

Shoulder instability occurs when the head of the humerus (ball) does not stay securely within the glenoid (socket).

It may result from:

• Traumatic shoulder dislocation

• Sports injuries (cricket, volleyball, gym activities)

• Ligament laxity

• Labral tears (Bankart lesion)

• Bone defects after repeated dislocations

Types of Surgical Treatment

1. Arthroscopic Bankart Repair

Minimally invasive repair of torn labrum using anchors and sutures.

2. Latarjet Procedure

Bone block procedure for significant bone loss or recurrent failure.

3. Capsular Tightening (Capsular Shift)

Tightening loose ligaments to prevent recurrent instability.

The choice depends on the severity of instability and bone loss.

When Is Surgery Recommended?

Surgery is advised if you have:

• Recurrent shoulder dislocations

• Shoulder “giving way” sensation

• MRI showing labral tear

• Young and active lifestyle

• Failure of physiotherapy

• High-risk sports participation

Early surgery prevents further joint damage.

Benefits of Shoulder Instability Surgery

✅ Prevents recurrent dislocation
✅ Restores joint stability
✅ Protects cartilage from damage
✅ Enables return to sports
✅ Minimally invasive options available
✅ Long-term shoulder protection

Procedure – Step by Step

1. Clinical examination & MRI

2. Arthroscopic keyhole approach (most cases)

3. Repair of torn labrum using anchors

4. Ligament tightening

5. Stability testing

Duration: 60–120 minutes.

Recovery & Rehabilitation

• Sling support for 3–4 weeks

• Gradual physiotherapy

• Strengthening after 6 weeks

• Return to sports: 4–6 months

Proper rehabilitation is essential to prevent recurrence.